Mineral Facts and Problems: 1960 Edition Page: 206
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MINERAL FACTS AND PROBLEMS, ANNIVERSARY EDITION
fire clay on the eastern edge of the Rockies are
meager, and there is a lack of flint and top-
grade plastic fire clays on the West Coast.
The presently measured reserve of swelling-
type bentonite, principally in Wyoming and
South Dakota, is ample for about 30 years at
the 1958 rate of consumption. There are
smaller resources in Nevada, Utah, and several
other Western States. There are no known re-
sources of swelling-type bentonite in the Mid-
west or east of the Mississippi River. The
principal deposits of the nonswelling type, the
subbentonites, are in Mississippi and Arizona;
but there are partly explored deposits in most
of the other Western States, such as Texas,
Nevada, and Utah. Data on the reserves are
lacking.
The fuller's earths are not as widespread as
the bentonites. The main resources are in
Florida, Georgia, and Texas, but some are
reported in several other States. The measured
reserve appears to be ample for at least 50
years at the 1958 rate of consumption in the
present producing areas. No estimates are
available on the nonproducing areas.
CONSERVATION
Because of the relatively large supply of
clays in sight, little effort has been directed
toward conservation. However, there is con-
siderable interest in the possibility of expand-
ing the supply of high-grade refractory and
paper clays by beneficiating inferior clays,
which would extend the productive life of the
existing high-grade kaolin and refractory-
grade clay deposits.SOURCES OF STATISTICAL INFORMATION
Clay-production statistics are obtained and
tabulated by the Bureau of Mines from a vol-
untary canvass of all known producers. The
Bureau of the Census compiles monthly statis-
tics of the quantity and value of shipments of
the principal structural clay products in the
United States and annual reports on the pro-
duction and shipments of clay and nonclay
refractories, by type (21, 22). The U.S. De-
partment of Commerce also compiles data on
U.S. imports of various types of clay. Data
on exports from the United States are obtained
from producers canvassed by the Bureau of
Mines. Data on production and import-export
trade in foreign countries are adequate for
most U.S. Government and industry purposes.
Canadian government statistics are exception-
ally complete and reliable and provide a
sound basis for evaluating the interrelation-
ships between the United States and Canadian
clay industries. By contrast, few data are
available on the clay industry in Mexico, al-
though certain components of the Mexican
industry are competitive with the U.S. indus-
try, and two of the leading U.S. manufacturers
of refractories have plants in Mexico.
PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION, AND
FOREIGN TRADE
A summary of the clays sold or used in
1958 is shown in table 2. More detailed data
on kinds and uses are shown in table 3. The
production of clays of various kinds was re-
ported from 48 States, and the District ofTABLE 2.-Clays sold or used by producers in the United States in 1958, by kinds and uses
[Thousand short tons]Uses
CERAMIC
Pottery and whitewares... ......................
Refractories...............-------------------.........
Heavy clay products.... ...___.. _. ........
Floor and wall tile_..... .___.. ___ .._ .
Total ... . ........ .......--------........
NONCERAMIC
Cement, plasters, admixtures....__ ..__ ...______
Lightweight aggregate-------.... .----..- -______
Fillers_....------------------
Filtering and decolorizing. __.________. .
Rotary-drilling muds . . --------------
Other-----................-------- .......
Total.......... . ... .. .. .. .. .
Grand total -..- - -..-. . -...- .... - ..- -.
Percent of all clays....---.-- ...----.------
Total value:
Thousands_..... . .....-- . ........ ..
Percent of all clays .. ..... ......
Reported value a ton--------...........--------------Kaolin
96
242
1
18
357
74
1,647
1441,865
Ball
clay232
50
3
94
379
318
Fire clay
and
stoneware
clay26
3, 860
4, 529
171
8, 586
87
10
1
123221
Bentonite
362
-..........
362
18
31
182
426
273930
Fuller's
earth8
87
42
58
163358
Misc.
clay57
15
17, 002
129
17, 203
8, 929
4, 457
7
5513,471
Total
Quantity Percent411
4, 529
21,535
412
26, 887
9, 108
4, 465
1, 785
224
508
77316, 863
. - I I I -- iI I ... .
2, 222
5.0
$36, 421
25.0
$16. 39397
0.9
$5, 503
4.0
$13.868,807
20. 1
$40, 420
28. 0
$3.241, 292
3.0
$15, 317
11.0
$11.86358
0.9
$7, 609
5.0
$21. 2630, 674
70. 1
$38, 217
27. O0
$1.7243, 750
100.0
$143, 487
100.0
$3.280. 9
10.3
49. 2
.9
61.3
20. 8
10. 2
4.1
.5
1. 1
2.038. 7
100.0
-- - - - -
- - - - - - --- -- I- -
I . - . I . -I I
1 I 1 I I 1 1 _ _ _
206
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United States. Bureau of Mines. Mineral Facts and Problems: 1960 Edition, report, 1960; Washington D.C.. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc38790/m1/214/: accessed March 28, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.