Further studies on the removal of spray residues from eastern-grown apples. Page: 26
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26 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 828, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE
Data on the effect of temperature of the washing solution on heat
injury and keeping quality of York Imperial apples are presented in
table 15. It has been reported (183) that sodium silicate solutions can
be used at higher temperatures than acid solutions without injury to
the fruit; consequently the temperatures of the sodium silicate solution
used extend somewhat higher than those of the acid wetting-agent
solution. At the inspection of the apples on February 5 the results
did not show any marked difference between the two types of solutions
in the extent of injury (checking or checking and shriveling) at
the same temperatures (110 and 115 F.). Even at the lowest temperature
used (100 for 30 seconds) there was apparently an increase
in the amount of skin checking as compared with the unwashed lot.
With the acid wetting-agent solution there was a gradual increase in
the amount of checking with increased temperature. On the other
hand, when the apples were washed with sodium silicate solution
there was no apparent increase in checking with increased temperature
except at the highest temperature (125). These York Imperial
apples after being held at 32 until May 27, considerably beyond their
main marketing period, were then post-ripened for 1 week at 70.
Severe decay developed in all lots, but it was not consistently greater
in washed than in unwashed lots. Nor was there any consistent relation
between the temperature or type of the washing solutions and the
percentage of the apples with decay and scald. Although the washed
lots were all less firm (as indicated by pressure test) than the unwashed
lots, the differences are of questionable significance and of no
practical value, as all lots were sufficiently firm for marketing purposes.
TABLE 15.-Relation of washing solutions and temperatures to keeping quality of
York Imperial apples stored at 32 F. from Oct. 27, 1936, to Feb. 5, 1937, and
May 27, 1937, and post-ripened at 70 until June 3, 1937
W 31 Condition Feb. 5, 1937 Condition June 3, 1937
_ _ 0 _______ _._._, _. . .
' E n 0 0 Q Q en n m PQ
0 F. No. Pt. P. P ct. Pet. P ct P. Pet. P ct. P et. Lbs.
None ------------------------- 137 36.0 64.0 0 0 24.8 71.6 3.6 0 0 16.0
HCl+wetting agent 1----- 100 124 17.6 81.6 0 .8 21.0 75.0 4.0 0 0
Do --..- - ------ .- 105 126 14.5 82.4 0 3.1 39.0 52.3 7.9 0 .8 15.1
Do -----------------. 110 137 13.8 85.5 .7 0 20.5 75.9 3.6 0 0
Do -----------------. 115 130 1.5 94.7 3.8 0 23.8 68.5 6.9 .8 0 15.6
Sodium silicate2------- 110 132 6. 0 92.6 .7 .7 19.7 71.2 5.3 3.8 0
Do --------------- -- 115 145 10.3 86.9 2.8 0 12.4 79.3 5.5 2.8 0 15.2
Do ----------- 120 145 8.8 82.4 7.4 1.4 25.5 68.3 2.1 4.1 0
Do ------------- .. 125 131 3.7 79.3 14.1 2.9 11.6 81.5 0 6.9 0 14.6
1.6 percent HCl+wetting agent (1 quart to 100 gallons)+sufficient antifoam to control the foam. Exposure
to wash solution for 30 seconds in flood-type washer (old solution used 1 day, commercial run).
'B. W. sodium silicate (95 pounds to 100 gallons)+soap (4 pound to 100 gallons)+light mineral oil (1
gallon to 100 gallons). Exposure to washing solution for 30 seconds in flood-type washer (fresh solution).
Additional studies on the relation of washing treatments to keeping
quality of York Imperial and Stayman Winesap apples were made in
1937, and the results are presented in tables 16 and 17. The York
Imperial apples (table 16) were held beyond their main marketing
season but showed very little decay when removed from 32 F. storage.
However, the decay developed rapidly at room temperature, so that
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Haller, M. H. (Mark Hughlin), 1897-; Cassil, C. C. (Carroll Clayton), 1911-; Gould, Edwin & Schrader, Albert Lee, 1896-. Further studies on the removal of spray residues from eastern-grown apples., book, August 1942; Washington D.C.. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3503/m1/26/: accessed April 24, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.