Evaluating the Impact of Transit-Oriented Development Page: 26
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simple line station to stations with aerial walkways and kiss-and-ride facilities. Since its
construction in 1983 and prior to 1996, the Port Authority of Allegheny County identified 54
developments valued at $302 million that were built along the entire busway. All of this
construction was either residential, office, or retail. Recently, around two of the nine stations
13 more developments have been built with a total value of $506 million. This new
construction has included retail, townhomes and apartments, medical research, hotel, and
office land uses.
Within Texas, Kuperman and Handy (2007) studied a less traditional form of bus TOD by
examining the effect of the shuttle bus service provided by the University of Texas at Austin
(UT) on residential development patterns. Their study focused on the Pleasant Valley/Riverside
area of southeast Austin, which is well-served by UT shuttle buses. Already a popular area with
students because of its affordability, during the early 1990s, almost 2,400 additional
apartments were built. By the 2000 U.S. Census, the neighborhood had more than 8,000
students or 71 percent of its total residents. Because there was no significant increase in the
enrollment at UT, most of new growth was the result of students relocating from more
expensive housing west of campus or from older multifamily housing within the Pleasant
Valley/Riverside area.
Kuperman and Handy (2007) found that UT shuttle buses share some attributes with
bus rapid transit, although this comparison is not an ideal fit. For example, the UT shuttle buses
run frequently during peak periods (between 5 and 10-minute headways), and they are
distinctly marked. In some instances, they serve dedicated bus stops, although at other times
the stops are shared with Capital Metro's regular service. However, unlike other bus rapid
transit systems, some typical practices or technologies are not implemented, such as using
articulated buses, alternative fuel sources, or electronic message boards. Yet, despite its
somewhat rudimentary infrastructure, the service is viewed by students as "convenient,
available, [and] reliable" (Kuperman and Handy 2007, 6). Likewise, the developers of
multifamily housing found it to have sufficient permanence that they built around it without
asking for any public incentives. Similarly, while the new residential development in Pleasant
Valley/Riverside area has some attributes in common with TOD, it is not a perfect fit. Its TOD26
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Clower, Terry L.; Ruggierre, Paul; Bomba, Michael; Arndt, Jeffrey C.; Li, Jianling; Edrington, Suzie et al. Evaluating the Impact of Transit-Oriented Development, report, October 2010; (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc32970/m1/42/: accessed April 24, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Center for Economic Development and Research.