Comparative Analysis of Interrelations Between Democracy and Democratic Policing Practices Page: 21
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previous chapter, international organizations, political scientists, and criminal justice
scholars are all agree on this point. At the "Theme of Challenges of Policing
Democracies" symposium held at the Institute of the Sociology of Law in Spain, without
exception, criminal justice scholars and diplomatic representatives from many countries
agreed on certain basic criteria that promote democracy in policing. Das collected these
criteria into seven categories, namely the rule of law, accountability to the public, the
transparency of decision making, popular participation in policing, the minimum use of
force, creating an organization that facilitates learning of human rights, and internal
democracy in the organization (Das, 2000). After this classification, research has shown
that many other social and political scientists supported those criteria by using the same
arguments, sometimes supporting their findings with them, and sometimes undertaking
further research to support those criteria. All of authors mentioned above were used the
same arguments in detail. In fact, the researches conducted by the Vera Institute in 2001
also ran in the same vein (Stone & Ward, 2000).
A look at the literature reveals that the democratic principles inherent in
democratic policing, are preserved through controls placed on law enforcement. These
controls may take three different forms. First, laws and regulations place controls on
police. Secondly, the police administration may place internal control on itself. Lastly,
external control may be placed on the police by community. Control, then, plays a vital
role in democratization of the police (Skolnick, 1966; Bayley, 1985; Crawshaw et al.,
1998).21
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Can, Salih Hakan. Comparative Analysis of Interrelations Between Democracy and Democratic Policing Practices, thesis, August 2002; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3263/m1/28/: accessed April 19, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .