A Case Study on Police Misconduct in the United States of America and an Applicable Model for the Turkish National Police. Page: 81
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neither flexible nor tailored to the individual. A complaint handling system, the states,
should be empathetic and responsive to the complainant (Goldsmith, 1991).
According to Reiner, who handles a complaint is not as important as how it is
handled. A complaint system that corrects the problem is much more desirable than a
system that punishes the individual officer (Waters, 2000).
The US Commission on Civil Rights advocates a structural classification system
for civilian review boards. This classification system was created by Sean Hecker, who
was inspired by the works of Samuel Walker and Vic E. Bumphus. Hecker proposes four
levels or classes of civilian involvement in the review of police misconduct:
* Class One. Review agencies have the greatest discretion.
Nonsworn staff members perform tasks such as receiving complaints,
preliminary fact-finding, reviewing investigative reports, and recommending
disciplinary procedures. This is the most common type of civilian review
among the fifty largest cities in the country.
* Class Two. Class Two civilian review boards are less
autonomous than Class One structures. Police officers are responsible for
investigating civilian complaints. Civilians, or a committee that contains
some percentage of civilians, review the police officers' reports and then
provide a recommended outcome to a law enforcement authority. This is the
most common form around the country.
* Class Three. Police department personnel investigate and
review civilian complaints. The department's internal affairs division then81
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Lofca, Izzet. A Case Study on Police Misconduct in the United States of America and an Applicable Model for the Turkish National Police., thesis, August 2002; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3234/m1/87/: accessed April 18, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .