A Case Study on Police Misconduct in the United States of America and an Applicable Model for the Turkish National Police. Page: 9
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explanations of police misconduct and how the character of individual police officer is
shaped in process of being a police officer (Kappeler, Sluder, & Alpert, 1998)
Some scholars like Janet B.L. Chan classify police controls under
"accountability" heading. This classification includes responsibility to the government,
which has political and democratic control subheadings, restraint of police misconduct
through fiscal measures, efficiency, performance and the cutting back of the public sector
(Chan, 1999, p. 255), In addition to above mentioned civil and criminal litigation,
disciplinary actions, and civilian oversight are different control mechanisms of police
behavior. Combining all control mechanisms of police behavior avail the observer to see
the complete picture of the phenomenon. However, the purpose of this study is to
evaluate the control mechanisms that are identical in almost every community. In most
societies, fiscal restraint is a sanction that has never been applied when police misconduct
occurs.
"Police Accountability Mechanisms" classification of Stone and Wards will be
the main source of the author's classification. Stone and Wards list three controls that
deter police misconduct: internal or departmental control; state or governmental control;
and social control, or control by civil society (See Table 1) (Stone & Wards, 2000).
However Stone and Wards' state control and social control will be categorized as
external measures. As a result, control mechanisms of police misconduct will be studied
from a standpoint that whether they are internal control mechanisms or external control
mechanisms.
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Lofca, Izzet. A Case Study on Police Misconduct in the United States of America and an Applicable Model for the Turkish National Police., thesis, August 2002; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3234/m1/15/: accessed April 24, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .