The Characteristics of Teacher-Directed Modeling Evidenced in the Practices of Three Experienced High School Choral Directors. Page: 26
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discussion of each element. Choral elements of phrasing, rhythmic vitality and
precision, intonation, balance, blend, and dynamics were similarly analyzed and
discussed.
Comparisons between findings were reported in the final chapter.
Overturf found: (1) potentialities existed for vocal development of high school
voices; (2) relationships existed between the degree of vocal/choral emphases and
the development of particular vocal attributes; (3) verbal imagery may influence a
particular vocal sound. She concluded that vocal sounds were affected by choice
of vowel sounds during vocalization, by relationships between vowel sounds, by
initial consonants, and by patterns for vocal exercises. Important vocal
techniques were the descending [u] pattern, the messa di voce, staccato exercises,
glottal fricatives, and breath flow.
With the hope of maximizing instruction in various rehearsal conditions,
Watkins (1986) sought to determine the proportion of rehearsal time high school
choral directors spent in verbal behaviors and the time spent singing. Watkins
classified modeling as a verbal instruction mode. In addition, combinations
among the three modes identified by Gonzo were a fourth mode. Modeling was
defined as director demonstration of ideal sounds by using his own voice or
another source. The purpose of the study was to identify relationships between
verbal modes and student attentiveness. Thirty-three high school mixed choirs
formed the sample. Rehearsals were video-taped for fifteen minutes following
routine activity, warm-up, and sight-reading. Observations were analyzed ex post
facto using an observation form adapted from Murray (1975), a digital stop26
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Grimland, Fredna H. The Characteristics of Teacher-Directed Modeling Evidenced in the Practices of Three Experienced High School Choral Directors., dissertation, December 2001; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3053/m1/33/: accessed March 28, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .