The Characteristics of Teacher-Directed Modeling Evidenced in the Practices of Three Experienced High School Choral Directors. Page: 17
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Gonzo also said that for modeling to be an effective teaching tool, instant
imitation by the singers of the conductor's visual and/or aural example is
necessary and provides the conductor with behavioral evidence that the students
did or did not understand the problem and/or its solution.
Research Studies
Dickey (1992) lists modeling as one of two alternatives to conducting
gesture for improvement of instrumental performances that do not meet the level
of predicted outcome. As teachers listen to students' performance attempts,
musical discriminations take place and diagnosis comes into play through
comparisons to actual performances of desired results. Because gestural
communication is not always an effective solution, either verbal strategies or
modeling strategies may be selected for remediation by the director. "Modeling
instruction consists of teacher demonstration alternated with student imitation"
(Dickey, 1992, p. 27)
Dickey (1992) found teacher demonstration to be relatively infrequent in
the classroom. The purpose of his study was to summarize and synthesize
existing research on modeling in music teaching and learning. Dickey found four
studies on modeling in instrumental music teaching and conducting; two studies
exploring the effectiveness of appropriate and inappropriate, or correct and
incorrect models in elementary general music classrooms; and four studies
investigating the use of taped models to help students learn musical materials in
elementary general music classrooms, elementary band, and college music
students. Dickey reached the following four conclusions: First, modeling17
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Grimland, Fredna H. The Characteristics of Teacher-Directed Modeling Evidenced in the Practices of Three Experienced High School Choral Directors., dissertation, December 2001; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3053/m1/24/: accessed March 29, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .