Analysis of options to move beyond 20% greenhouse gas emission reductions and assessing the risk of carbon leakage Page: 95
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EN
EN
(25%
internal)
Direct costs (% of GDP) 0.22% 0.31%
Energy system costs + non-CO2 mitigation Costs + costs
international credits and opportunity costs banked allowances 33 46
(billion )
Increase Average Electricity price (%) 5% 11%
Change in GDP in 2020(%) -0.4% to- -1.0% to-
assuming free allocation in ETS and no tax in the non-ETS 0.6% 1.5%
Employment (% change) 0% -0.1% to -
assuming free allocation in ETS and no tax in the non-ETS 0.2%
Gross Energy Consumption (% change compared to reference) -3.5% -6.5%
Reduced oil & gas imports (billion ) -9.1 -14.1
Costs air pollution control (billion ) -3 -5
Reduction health damage compared to reference (billion ) 3.5 to 8 7 to 17
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European Commission. Analysis of options to move beyond 20% greenhouse gas emission reductions and assessing the risk of carbon leakage, text, 2010; Brussels, Belgium. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc29324/m1/96/: accessed April 16, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .