Use of GIS to Identify and Delineate Areas of Fluoride, Sulfate, Chloride, and Nitrate Levels in the Woodbine Aquifer, North Central Texas, in the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s Page: 16
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Generally, the upper Woodbine Aquifer contains extremely poor water quality in
downdip locales and contains excessive iron concentrations along the outcrop (TWDB,
1997). Locally, the water has objectionable concentrations of iron, sodium, and chloride
(TWC, 1989). Water from artesian areas in Dallas, Ellis, and Navarro Counties was
characterized by high concentrations of sulfate. In Johnson and Tarrant Counties, lots of
water wells contained sulfate concentrations in excess of the drinking-water standard and
were apparently associated with extensive non-commercial lignite beds (TWDB, 1997).
2.4 Drinking Water Standards
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWRs or primary standards)
are legally enforceable standards that apply to public water systems. Primary standards
protect drinking water quality by limiting the levels of specific contaminants that can
adversely affect public health (US EPA, 2000). They are sometimes referred to as
maximum contaminant levels (MCLS).
National Secondary Drinking Water Regulations (NSDWRs or secondary
standards) are non-enforceable guidelines regulating contaminants that may cause
cosmetic effects (such as skin or tooth discoloration) or aesthetic effects (such as
deterioration of taste, odor, or color) in drinking water. EPA recommends secondary
standards for water supply systems, but cannot enforce them. However, each state may
choose to adopt them as enforceable standards (US EPA, 2000).16
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Sanmanee, Sirichai. Use of GIS to Identify and Delineate Areas of Fluoride, Sulfate, Chloride, and Nitrate Levels in the Woodbine Aquifer, North Central Texas, in the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, thesis, August 2001; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2869/m1/25/: accessed April 20, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .