161 Glass: Site Specific Music in an Artistic Context Page: 20
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Musically, little scholarship and virtually no explicit debate on "postmodernism"
per se exists contemporaneously to the time period.75 Various themes, definitive of a
postmodern aesthetic, culture and thought are present, if only now being recognized as
such.76 Postmodernism reflects a musical attitude. For composers like Luciano Berio
and George Rochberg,77 sonorities, processes and quotations of the past and present
assimilate without boundary. As in architecture, postmodern music embraces pluralism,
complexity and eclecticism as the music avoids categorization.78 Increasingly,
composers turned to technology as a means of creation and expression.
The collapse of the Berlin Wall in 1989 created a catalyst of change worldwide.
In the early 1990s, artists, musicians and architects reconsidered the definition of art
and its purpose both artistically and politically. As with postmodernism, attitudes
dominate the art in the decades on either side of the millennium. Formalism
deteriorated in most realms, yet a resurgence of old forms emerged. Pluralism
continued to reign as every style was nostalgically readdressed.79 Gender and cultural
identity accelerated to include a wider range of political and social identity, reflective of
social changes in tolerance, diaspora, and shifting demographics. The 1990s began
with a freer perspective, but with a cycle of economic downturns, the rise of terrorism
75 Judy Lochhead, "Naming: Music and the Postmodern," New Formations, no. 66 (Spring 2009),
158.
76 Lochhead, 168.
77 Lochhead, 162.
78 Jonathan D. Kramer, "The Nature and Origins of Musical Postmodernism," Postmodem
Music/Postmodem Thought edited by Judy Lochhead and Joseph Auner (New York /London: Routledge,
2002), 15.
79 Hunter, 413.20
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Rusnak, Christina S. 161 Glass: Site Specific Music in an Artistic Context, thesis, May 2010; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc28472/m1/24/: accessed March 28, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .