Comparative Models of the Impact of Social Support on Psychological Distress in Cancer Patients Page: 47
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the summary score of the average of the 11 items has a mean of 3.6 (out of a
maximum of 4, with 4 being low depression), with a skewed distribution. Initial
modeling attempts used the overall CES-D score, but the three subscales were
also modeled.
Concurrent, discriminant, and construct validities of the CES-D were also
supported in the study by Wallace and Herzog (1995). Concurrent validity is
supported by the significant correlations (r = -.57, p < .001, 8,500 n 9,750)
between the CES-D score (lower scores indicates depression) and the self-rating
of emotional health (higher score indicates poor emotional health). The CES-D is
also related to the self-reported presence of emotional, nervous or psychiatric
problems.
The CES-D's discriminant validity is supported by the low relationships
with cognitive performance measures (1.151 rs 1.301). However, discriminant
validity was not established when comparing the CES-D and the vitality
measures found at the end of the CES-D. A factor analysis of all items of the
CES-D and the vitality measure suggested that the vitality measures items were
more closely related to the psychosomatic dimension of the CES-D, suggesting
that vitality and psychosomatic depression were not empirically distinguishable
(Wallace & Herzog, 1995).
Finally, construct validity is supported by the fact that depressive
symptoms are more frequent among participants suffering from all severe chronic
conditions, particularly from stroke, chronic long disease and heart condition47
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Forjaz, Maria João Bettencourt Pereira. Comparative Models of the Impact of Social Support on Psychological Distress in Cancer Patients, dissertation, May 2000; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2533/m1/55/: accessed April 19, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .