Ethnically Mixed Individuals: Cultural Homelessness or Multicultural Integration? Page: 82
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tasks of adolescents is the search for and development of their own identity, and it must
be viewed both as a process and an outcome (Waterman, 1985). Several theorists have
proposed that it seems to be crucial to include racial/ethnic identity as a component of
self-concept (Cross, 1985; McCombs, 1985, Rotheram & Phinney, 1987; Simpson &
Yinger, 1985; Spencer, 1988; Wright, 1985). Racial identity is believed to be inseparable
from core self-identity in minority adolescents (Gibson, 1993).
Studies addressing the issue of personal self-identity development have concluded
that, generally, there is a positive correlation between children's emotional health and the
degree to which race is included in their self-identity. Racial/ethnic identity awareness,
which leads to the sense of group-inclusion, seems to be a crucial aspect of childhood
development (Jagers & Mock, 1993; Marshall, 1995; Rotheram & Phinney, 1987;
Spencer & Markstrom-Adams, 1990; Tokar & Swanson, 1991; Whaley, 1992). Racial
identity research has also suggested that ethnicity may be critical to a person's security
and sense of identity in the later stages of life. Ethnicity, according to Giordano (1992),
is a major determinant of values, attitudes, perceptions, needs, modes of expression,
behavior, and industry. This study indicates that ethnocultural features are carried into
the second, third, and even fourth generations and are crucial to the emotional adjustment
of aged persons.
Social & Ethnic Labels
An individual's ethnic self-label is part of his or her ethnic identity; it refers to the
individual's chosen ethnic classification and may vary according to the situation. Ethnic
self-label is viewed as an important indicator of multiethnic adolescents' ethnic identity
(Gibbs & Hines, 1992; Hall, 1992b; Kerwin et al., 1993; Lopez & Padilla, 1982).82
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Navarrete-Vivero, Veronica. Ethnically Mixed Individuals: Cultural Homelessness or Multicultural Integration?, thesis, May 1999; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2179/m1/89/: accessed April 23, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .