Mist Characterization in Drilling 1018 Steel Page: 3
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fluid for machining should not just be based on the cutting performance, but also on its
secondary characteristics. These include biodegradability, oxidation stability, storage stability
and water/soil/air pollution effects (Fratila et al., 2007). Currently, vegetable oils are the most
effective means for lubricant. They are chosen over mineral oils for their ability to adhere to the
metal's surface. Vegetable oils also have great friction reducing qualities, and they absorb heat
when evaporated (Boelkins, 2009). The MQL machining with vegetable oils, opposed to flood
coolant machining, have shown to reduce the average cutting temperature by 5% to 12% and still
obtain dimensional accuracy (Khan et al., 2006). Using vegetable oils instead of mineral oils for
MQL is more effective in milling, boring, drilling, turning, reaming, sawing and tapping
(Tolinski, 2007). The application of these fluids is also environmental friendly.
There are two supply methods by which MQL delivers lubricant: external spray and
through-tool (Boubekri et al., 2010). The most basic method that MQL operates with is by an
external nozzle admitting air/oil mist to the tool and workpiece (Tolinski, 2007). This system is
known as an external spray system. A coolant tank or reservoir supplies the coolant to nozzles
via tubes during machining. The system can balance the coolant supply through adjustable
coolant and airflow. The external spray system is portable, low in cost and is used for many
machining processes (Boubekri et al., 2010). The second delivery system is the through-tool
design with two different configurations for creating the air/oil mist. The first setup is external
mixing or a one-channel system. The air and oil are externally mixed and then sent through the
spindle and tool to the machined area. The advantages for externally mixed air and oil are low
cost, simplicity, ease of service and adaptability to existing machines with high pressure.
However, the disadvantages are the dispersion and separation of the air/oil mist after exiting the
nozzle. Reducing to fine particles can be achieved, but much less lubrication is reaching the
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Cole, Ian. Mist Characterization in Drilling 1018 Steel, thesis, August 2012; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc149573/m1/12/: accessed April 19, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .