Interpersonal Factors Related to the Pursuit of a Higher Education Among First Generation Undergraduate Students Page: 41
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participants on the Support scale (SD = 5.0) (Barbarin, 1996). The mean score for the
Differentiation scale in the present study was 24.9 (SD = 2.8). Previous research
showed a mean score of 30 with a standard deviation of 2.4 (Barbarin, 1996). In the
current study the mean score for the Boundary Maintenance scale was 27.6 (SD = 3.6).
Previous research showed a mean of 25 (SD = 4) (Barbarin, 1996). The current sample
yielded a mean score of 27.5 (SD = 4.1) on the Family Satisfaction scale. Mean scores
and standard deviations were not reported in previous research for the Family
Satisfaction Scale. The Family Hierarchy scale has a mean score of 13.02 (SD = 2.3).
Previous research showed a mean score of 12 (SD = 3) (Barbarin, 1996).
Table 6
FRS Subscale Scores
Present Study Barbarin (1996)
Scales (N= 572)
M SD M SD t
Support 32.9 6.2 30 5 11.3**
Differentiation/Enmeshment 24.9 2.8 30 2.4 -43.3**
Boundary Maintenance 27.6 3.6 25 4 17.4**
Satisfaction 27.5 4.1 - - -
Hierarchy 13.0 3.0 12.0 3 10.5**
**p < 0.01. a. N, means and standard deviation not provided in previous research.
In the present study, the mean self-reported GPA was 3.0 with a standard
deviation of .61. The motivation to pursue a higher education was measured by a
participant's desire to obtain a graduate degree or professional certification.
Approximately 8% of participants reported a desire to obtain a certification or41
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Aguirre, Jacqueline S. Interpersonal Factors Related to the Pursuit of a Higher Education Among First Generation Undergraduate Students, thesis, May 2012; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc149558/m1/44/: accessed April 19, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .