Heading for 100 % renewable urban transport: Policy recommendations Page: 15
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EXER CO MSSO ONCTE AN CLIAT CANG
VIII. Offer attractive public transport
In order to reduce car use and greenhouse gas emis-
sions in urban environments, attractive public
transport has to be available. The most energy-efficient
transport systems are trains, trams and trolley buses
(see illustration on energy effciency of diferent modes of
transport).
To persuade people to abandon their car, public trans-
port services need to be faster than car travel. Trains
and trams offer the greatest benefit in terms of time
and comfort. Buses can be fast on dedicated bus lanes.
Traffic lights can be programmed to give preference
to public transport. Traffic calming in cities is another
means by which the comparative speed of public
transport can be increased. The city of Graz in Austria
has introduced a default speed limit of 30km/h
(19 mph) in the entire city, unless stated otherwise.
Public transport should cover an extensive route
network and offer frequent services, and timetables of
different routes should be synchronised to minimise
the time needed for changing lines. Trains, trams,
buses and stations need to be comfortable, safe and
easy to use. Fare structures should be simple and
tickets should cover the whole city and region. Fares
and timetables of different public transport providers
should be integrated throughout regions and real-time
travel information made easily accessible.
Typical efficiency in urban service
Mode Passenger-miles per gallon
(1.5 per road vehicle, 1 per motorcycle)U
U
ipAreas where public transport is not viable due to
low settlement density can be served by new types of
renewables-powered public services such as demand-
responsive transport that is designed to transport
small numbers of passengers flexibly. To offer seam-
less mobility in towns, public transport should be
integrated with ancillary transport services such as
rental bikes, car-sharing or taxis. The aim is to offer
public transport that covers people's mobility needs
to such a degree that they do not need to use a car.
Good examples of high-quality public transport can
be found in cities such as Zurich, Curitiba and Bogoti
(see examples in section Best transport policies from cities
around the world).
"11
..
-064
To achieve an actual reduction in car use, attractive
public transport should be supported by regulations
that limit car use. Such regulations include the afore-
mentioned vehicle and fuel taxes and fees, congestion
and other road-user charges, parking fees as well as
speed limits.Ford Explorer
Toyota Prius
Smart fortwo dci
Scooter / light motorcycle
Diesel busTesla Roadster
Trolleybus
Source: http://strickland.ca/efficiency.htmlRail
15
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Gust, Iris & Meusel, Titus. Heading for 100 % renewable urban transport: Policy recommendations, text, Date Unknown; Hamburg, Germany. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc13734/m1/15/: accessed April 25, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .