Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone: Science Plan and Implementation Strategy Page: 260,020
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LUIL science Ilan and Implementation strategy
III. The DPSIR concept of the OECD (Salomons
et al., 1999) was modified as a framework for
integration of human and natural dimensions
and resources assessments. It was subsequently
applied to determine the effects of human
activities on material fluxes and other catch-
ment changes that affect coastal seas. Applica-
tions ranged from catchment to continental
scale, and included future scenario develop-
ment (coast.gkss.de/loiczbasins) (Ledoux et al.,
2004).
IV. A sediment discharge inventory and dataset
(GLORI) was established. Analysis of the data-
set revealed the significance of human interven-
tion in modifying coastal sediment transport, as
a result of altered sediment dynamics caused by
catchment activities around the world (Syvitski,
2003).
Other notable studies relevant to Theme 2 are:
* implementation of a standard method for
global assessment of vulnerability to sea-level
change (www.survas.mdx.ac.uk);
* assessment of anthropogenic modification of
coastal land (<100 km from the coast), reveal-
ing that as much as 20% is highly altered for
urban (including mega-cities) or agricultural
use (Klein et al., 2002);
* the ELOISE cluster conducted over 60 studies
since 1996 (www2.nilu.no/eloise/index.cfm),
many of them relating nutrient fluxes to land-
based activities and atmospheric and river
processes, and determining the effects of altered
nutrient discharges;
* USGS studied coastal change and coastal con-
flict in continental US, specifically addressing
system-wide responses to sediment starvation,
pollution, coastal degradation and water-level
change (pubs.usgs.gov/circ/cl075); and
* within the MEA, 400 natural and social scien-
tists from 66 countries, assessed the current and
future capacity of ecosystems to provide services
to humankind, and assessed human responses
to ecosystem change (www.millennium
assessment.org/en/index.aspx).In summary, both at the global scale and at specific
localities there is information concerning how specificpressures affect explicit coastal dynamics. It is recognised
that habitat is being lost as a result of human activities
that modify biogeochemical fluxes into, and within, the
coastal zone, with a tight feedback to human welfare and
coastal functionality.
Science Gaps
Science gaps for this theme are primarily related to
determining and quantifying the significance of, and
relationship between, different human activities and
coastal impacts. LOICZ has demonstrated that DIN
and DIP fluxes reflect specific human activities, however,
a wider range of human activities needs to be consid-
ered, including transport developments and urbanisation
(including mega-cities), water transport infrastructure,
tourism that affects ecosystem productivity, aquacul-
ture in sensitive tropical ecosystems, exotic species and
pathogens introduced by shipping, wind farms, sand
mining and artificial islands.
Additionally, analysis of catchment-to-shelf pres-
sures and integrated system-wide responses need to
be extended to other coastal areas, and up-scaled for
regional and global perspectives. System-wide responses
include loss of ecosystem services, increase in material
flow (including contaminants), loss of habitats and bio-
diversity, all of which lead to human vulnerability.
Theme Goals
Theme 2 goals fall into two focus areas:
I. Quantifying local human impact:
* develop methods to characterise the hetero-
geneity of human activities in the coastal
zone, and quantify their effects on coastal
ecosystem function;
* assess critical thresholds and identify indica-
tors of coastal systems, in order to evaluate
their resilience to change; and
* identify sustainable levels of resource use.
II. Integrating effects of changes on coastal func-
tionality:
* design and evaluate simple monitoring strat-egies to better distinguish between globally
and locally generated pressures;20
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Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone. Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone: Science Plan and Implementation Strategy, text, 2005; Stockholm, Sweden. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12008/m1/26/: accessed April 23, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .