Annual Report on the Environment and the Sound Material-Cycle Society in Japan 2007 Page: 93
132 p. : col. ill.View a full description of this text.
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f) Biodiesel fuel
Biodiesel fuel (BDF) can be substituted for light oil and used in automobile diesel engines. It is made from biomass materials
such as waste food oil. BDF has low sulfur oxide content, so the exhaust contains low concentrations of sulfur oxides. Since it is an
oxygen-containing fuel it promotes engine combustion, making it a clean fuel characterized by low carbon monoxide and dark
smoke emissions.
The process of producing biodiesel fuel involves first causing fats (triglycerides) in waste food oil to react with methanol
(transesterification) to produce fatty acid methyl esters. Glycerin and other byproducts produced at the same time are separated out
from the obtained reaction oil. The remaining oil is then refined into biodiesel fuel.
Kyoto City collects about 125 kiloliters of waste food oil annually at about 1,000 collection sites in the city in cooperation with
members of unit communities. The collected oil is made into biodiesel fuel at a dedicated plant with a capacity of 5,000 liters per
day. The fuel is used in garbage trucks (equivalent to 210 trucks) and city buses. (Fig. 2-47)
S
Source: Homepage of Kyoto cityCollected oil
(Drums and tank track)Fig. 2-47 Production of bio-diesel fuel
Catalyst Methanol
Water
(dehydration)Heating Pretreatment tank
Methanol Settlement Unpurified methyl Settlement
Catalyst ester
Waste food oil
Waste glycerin
liquid
Heating Reaction and Dicharging
separation tankNitrogen
Cleaning water
Cleanin water
Unpu ified
methy eter
Heating Refining tank HeatingWater
(dehydration)Cleaned
methyl
ester
Cleaning waste
waterAdditive
Discharging
I Light oil I
100% Bio 1
biodies el fuel
fuel mixed
with light oil
Bio-diesel fuelSource: Hitachi Zosen Corporation
g) Bioethanol
Fuel ethanol is produced using construction waste wood as the main material along with paper trash and food residue (tofu
refuse, etc.) by means of saccharification by diluted sulfuric acid, two kinds of genetically modified microorganism (KO11), and
yeast. (Fig. 2-48)93
Methanol
(Recovered and reused)Unpurified
methyl ester
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Japan. Kankyōsho. Annual Report on the Environment and the Sound Material-Cycle Society in Japan 2007, text, 2007; Tokyo, Japan. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc11843/m1/95/: accessed April 24, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .