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oped its own mining technology, Norway
imported German expertise with the accompa-
nying traditions. Whereas the crossed hammers
were called "Eisen und Schliigel" in Germany,
in Norway they are named "hammer og
bergsjem." The crossed hammers can be seen
on Norwegian coins as the trade mark for the
Kongsberg Norwegian Coinage.
3. The original name of the university was
"Det Kongelige Norske Frederiks Universitet"
(The Royal Norwegian Frederik University -
Frederik being the name of the contemporary
Danish-Norwegian king).The cognomen of the
university became "Universitet i Christiana"
(University of Christiana)-Christiana being
the name of Oslo until 1924. The modem name
is "Universitet i Oslo" (University of Oslo).
4. A new museum in Althofen, Austria, is
devoted totally to Auer von Welsbach (discov-
erer of praseodymium, neodymium, and
casseopeium), and includes beautiful exhibits
and displays. A trip to this site will be the sub-
ject of the next Rediscovery article.
5. "Schillerizing" refers to a metallic luster
caused by microinclusions in feldspar. Buildings
made of larvikite include Liberty Place in
Philadelphia, PA, the Corporex Office Building
of Atlanta, GA, and the Canterra Tower of
Calgary, Canada. In Larvik (15 kilometers west
of Brevik) stands a larvikite statue of Thor
Heyerdahl, the famous scientist and explorer,
who was born and reared in Larvik. The statue
exhibits the long, tapered motif of the Moai of
Easter Island, and like the Moai his statue faces
inland toward the village.
6."Esmarkite" is now recognized as a modifi-
cation of cordierite. A crystal of cordierite
(Mg2A14Si5018) was known as "Norsemen's
compass," because of its ability to tell the sun's
position when below the horizon; this was
accomplished by its different transparent colors,
varying from violet to gray, as the angle of the
crystal was rotated through the polarizing light
of the sky. A modem use of cordierite is as a
refractory ceramic, because of its low expansion
coefficient and its thermal shock resistance."
(Figure) The portrait of Hans Morten Thrane
Esmark (1801-1882) hangs in the Bymuseum (the
old city hall, 4 Kirkevegen) of Brevik on the island
of Syltereya (N 59" 03.18, E 09" 42.12).
Literature Cited
1. Anonymous. Naturen, 47-48 (March, 1877).
2. Marshall, J. L. and Marshall, V. R.,
The Hexagon of Alpha Chi Sigma, 92, No. 1,
4-5, 2000.
3. Steen, H. H.,"Hans Morten Thrane Esmark.
Presten Esmark og hans arbeide for vor bys
utvikling,"kommisjon hos Carl P. C.
Albretsen, Brevik.
4. Soderbaum, H. G.,"Jac. Berzelius Brev, 2.
Brewvvxling mellan Berzelius och J. Esmark
samt mellan Berzelius och H. H. Th.
Esmark,"36-75.
5. Jorpes, J. E., Bidrag Till Kungl. Svenska
Vetenskapsakademines Historia VII. Jac.
Berzelius. Almquist & Wiksell, Stockholm,
1966.
6. Marshall, J. L. and Marshall, V. R.,
The Hexagon of Alpha Chi Sigma, 92, No. 2,
20-22, 2000.
7. Bayles, P., Glossary of Obsolete Mineral
Names, The Mineralogical Record, Tucson,
2000.
8. Dana's New Mineralogy, 8th Ed., John
Wiley & Sons, N.Y., 1997.
Figure 10. This view is from the environs of the
church on Sylteroya, looking across to the main-
land and Brevik. This historical harbor used to
teem with boats loading timber and ice. Today the
harbor is the site where a visiter may hire a boat
to tour the various islands on the Langesundfjord.
WINTER 2001