Analyzing Learner Characteristics, Undergraduate Experience and Individual Teamwork Knowledge, Skills and Abilities: Toward Identifying Themes to Promote Higher Workforce Readiness Page: 17
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While there are a various of instructional system models, many are based on the
generic analysis, design, develop, implement, and evaluate (ADDIE) model that evolved
from instructional systems research that came after the World War II (Allen, 2006).
In the analysis phase of designing instructional systems, the learner, setting, and
job are analyzed (Molenda, Pershing, & Reigeluth, 1996). The learners for this study
were senior university students. An analysis of a learner's characteristics may involve
entry competencies, general characteristics, and learning styles. The setting/higher
education was that of the undergraduate institution to include classroom and outside of
classroom experiences. For the purpose of this study, the job/skill set being assessed
was individual teamwork KSAs. The three elements, (a) learner characteristics, (b)
undergraduate experience and (c) job/individual teamwork KSAs, are attributed to one
participant - a single case. Stake (2006) argued that these single cases are important
because they belong to a collection of cases. These single cases share a common
characteristic or condition and may be bound by a phenomenon.
Learner Characteristics
First-Generation Students
First-generation students are those whose parents have no more than a high
school education (Pascerella et al., 2004). These students are more likely than second-
generation students to be males and minorities (Pike & Kuh, 2005). Lohfink and
Paulsen (2005) supported the idea that an intersection of race, class, and gender
oppression affects the first-generation population. These students are not completing17
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Frederick, Consuelo V. Analyzing Learner Characteristics, Undergraduate Experience and Individual Teamwork Knowledge, Skills and Abilities: Toward Identifying Themes to Promote Higher Workforce Readiness, dissertation, August 2009; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc11044/m1/25/: accessed April 19, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .