The Commission on intergovernmental relations Page: 44
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administration and for effective review by both governor and
legislature of policies carried out by all State agencies. In the
absence of such supervision and review, there is a tendency for
groups of professional administrators in a single, specialized field,
working at National, State, and local levels, to become a more or
less independent government of their own, organized vertically
and substantially independent of other State agencies. Programs
may be agreed upon, State as well as Federal money may
be committed, and important public projects may be carried
out without even a review by the governor's office to determine
how they relate to other State activities or requirements. On
the other hand, States with fairly strong governors served by
active budget and other staff aids have reported relatively little
difficulty of this sort.
Movement for Reorganization
The movement for reorganization of State administration has
produced some concrete results. It has also revealed the nature
of the difficulties to be overcome and pointed to directions in
which further progress can be sought. A few States, notably
New Jersey, New York, and Virginia, have achieved substantially
integrated administrations under governors constitutionally
equipped to be chief executives in the full sense of the term.
More States have brought about appreciable reductions in the
number of separate departments and have curtailed somewhat
the use of boards and commissions as department heads.
Approximately half of the States now have civil service systems
applicable to all employees, while the rest have partial coverage.
Probably the greatest progress in State administration has been
in the field of budgeting and fiscal management, although the
usefulness of these tools is often seriously impaired by constitutional
limitations and by the existence of officials independent of
the chief executive. A number of States have developed departments
of finance or of administration that bring management
functions together in an agency directly responsible to the
governor.
44
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United States. Commission on Intergovernmental Relations. The Commission on intergovernmental relations, book, June 1955; Washington, D.C.. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1051/m1/58/: accessed April 24, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.