Benthic Macroinvertebrates of Temperate, Sub-Antarctic Streams: The Effects of Altitudinal Zoning and Temperature on the Phenology of Aquatic Insects Associated to the Robalo River, Navarino Island (55°S), Chile Page: 82
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were obtained from water temperature data collected throughout the altitudinal gradient. We
predicted voltinism patterns through the gradient and in a historical perspective and discuss on
the effects of environmental warming on Meridialaris chiloeense life cycle and the possible
implications for Sub-Antarctic stream ecosystems.
Materials and Methods
Study Area
The R6balo River (S 540 59.647', W 0670 40.878', Navarino Island) is located within the
Cape Horn Biosphere Reserve (CHBR) and it provides drinking water to Puerto Williams,
Capital of the Chilean Antarctic Province, and the world's southernmost town. It runs through
the marked altitudinal gradient of the Dientes of Navarino Mountain Range, where it drains into
the Beagle Chanel. Navarino Island lies south of the Beagle Channel and north of Cape Horn
and it has an approximate area of 2500 km2 (Fig. 21). The forests of the island consist primarily
of three members of the genus Nothofagus (Pisano 1977) and are part of the South American
temperate forests biome, which occurs along a narrow but latitudinally extensive strip of land
between 35 and 55S (Armesto et al. 1998). These forests are composed of mixed evergreen
Nothofagus betuloides (Coihtie de Magallanes), high deciduous southern beech, N. pumilio
(Lenga), and the deciduous N. antarctica (Nirre) (McCulloch et al. 1997a). The CHBR
encompasses all of the islands south of the Beagle Channel, as well as the Chilean portion of
Tierra del Fuego Island located south of the highest peaks in the Darwin Mountain Range (Rozzi
et al. 2006). The study site lies on the north Coast of Navarino Island, which houses the city of
Puerto Williams, and the Omora Ethnobotanical Park, part of Chile's network of Long Term
Socio-Ecological Research Sites (LTSER). Furthermore, it is the Southern hemisphere's82
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Contador Mejías, Tamara Andrea. Benthic Macroinvertebrates of Temperate, Sub-Antarctic Streams: The Effects of Altitudinal Zoning and Temperature on the Phenology of Aquatic Insects Associated to the Robalo River, Navarino Island (55°S), Chile, dissertation, December 2011; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc103303/m1/96/: accessed April 19, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .