Benthic Macroinvertebrates of Temperate, Sub-Antarctic Streams: The Effects of Altitudinal Zoning and Temperature on the Phenology of Aquatic Insects Associated to the Robalo River, Navarino Island (55°S), Chile Page: 26
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of Magallanes and the steppe climates of the eastern side of the mountain range (Rozzi et al.
2006). The uniformity of the seasonal variation of precipitation as well as its thermal
characteristics, allow for the growth of deciduous forests. The average annual temperature and
precipitation recorded for Puerto Williams is 6.00C and 467.3 mm respectively. Precipitation is
less polluted than for any other of the world's temperate forests (Likens 1991) and the warmest
month has an average temperature of 9.60C (January-March), while the coldest month averages
1.90C (May-August).
The river, which has an approximate length of approximately 12 km, ascends from sea
level to 600 meters above sea level (m.a.s.1). For this study, 5 sampling sites, separated by
approximately 100 m of altitude, were selected according to vegetation, habitat, and landscape
changes along the watershed (Fig. 7, Table 1). Sampling of benthic macroinvertebrates was
carried out during the austral summers of 2008, 2009, and 2010.
Following is a description of the five sites studied:
* Site I (586 m.a.s.1)
This site encompasses the headwater region of the R6balo River. The reach has an
average width of 2.7 meters and the substrate consists mainly of rock gravel and riffle habitats.
The source of energy of the area is primarily autochthonous, due to the lack of riparian
vegetation along the reach. The vegetation of the area is dominated by high-Andean
communities, such as the lichen Neuropogon sp.
* Site II (486 m.a.s.1)
The substrate of this site is consists primarily of large boulders and riffle habitats. The
reach has an average width of 2.3 meters and the vegetation consists mainly of cushion plants26
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Contador Mejías, Tamara Andrea. Benthic Macroinvertebrates of Temperate, Sub-Antarctic Streams: The Effects of Altitudinal Zoning and Temperature on the Phenology of Aquatic Insects Associated to the Robalo River, Navarino Island (55°S), Chile, dissertation, December 2011; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc103303/m1/40/: accessed April 19, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .