The Middle East Peace Talks Page: 3 of 19
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01-13-06
The Middle East Peace Talks
SUMMARY
After the first Gulf war, in 1991, a new
peace process was begun, with Israel and the
Palestinians discussing a five-year period of
interim self-rule leading to a final settlement.
Israel and Syria discussed Israeli withdrawal
from the Golan Heights in exchange for peace.
Israel and Jordan discussed relations. Israel
and Lebanon focused on Israel's withdrawal
from its self-declared security zone in south
Lebanon and reciprocal Lebanese actions.
On September 13, 1993, Israel and the
Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)
signed a Declaration of Principles (DOP),
providing for Palestinian empowerment and
some territorial control. Israeli Prime Minis-
ter Rabin and King Hussein of Jordan signed
a Peace Treaty on October 26, 1994. Israel
and the Palestinians signed an Interim Self-
Rule in the West Bank/Oslo II accord on
September 28, 1995. Israel continued
implementing it despite the November 4
assassination of Prime Minister Rabin.
Israel suspended talks with Syria in
February/March 1996. They resumed in De-
cember 1999, but were postponed indefinitely
after January 2000. Israel withdrew from
south Lebanon on May 24, 2000.
The Palestinians and Israelis signed
additional incremental accords in 1997, 1998,
and 1999. From July 11 to 24, 2000, Presi-
dent Clinton held a summit with Israeli and
Palestinian leaders at Camp David, but they
did not succeed in producing a framework
accord on final status issues. A Palestinianuprising or intifadah began in September.
Ariel Sharon was elected Prime Minister ofCongressional Research Service <
Israel on February 6, 2001. He said that the
results of Camp David and afterwards were
null and void.
The international war against terrorism
after September 11, 2001, prompted renewed
U.S. focus on a peace process. On June 24,
2002, President Bush declared, "peace re-
quires new and different Palestinian leader-
ship so that a Palestinian state can be born."
On April 30, 2003, the United States, the
U.N., European Union, and Russia (the Quar-
tet) presented a "Roadmap" to Palestinian
statehood within three years. It has not been
implemented. In December 2003, Sharon
proposed to unilaterally disengage from the
Palestinians in Gaza and four small settle-
ments in the West Bank. Palestinian Author-
ity (PA) Chairman/President Yasir Arafat died
on November 11, 2004, and, on January 9,
2005, Mahmud Abbas was elected to succeed
him. On February 8, 2005, Abbas and Sharon
declared an end to violence. On August 23,
Israel completed its disengagement from the
Gaza Strip and four West Bank settlements.
Congress is interested in the peace talks
because of its oversight role in the conduct of
U.S. foreign policy, its support for Israel, and
keen constituent interest. It is concerned about
U.S. financial and other commitments and the
Palestinians' fulfillment of their commitments
to Israel. Congress has appropriated aid for
the West Bank and Gaza, with conditions
intended to ensure Palestinian compliance
with agreements with Israel. Congress has
repeatedly endorsed Jerusalem as the undi-vided capital of Israel, and many Members
seek sanctions on the PLO and PA.
The Library of Congress -!i CRSIB91137
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Migdalovitz, Carol. The Middle East Peace Talks, report, January 13, 2006; Washington D.C.. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8289/m1/3/?q=%22Peace%20negotiations%20-%20Middle%20East%22: accessed May 5, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.